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Rail transport is a means of transferring passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are located on tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail vehicles (rolling stock) are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Tracks usually consist of steel rails, installed on sleepers (ties) set in ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. Other variations are also possible, such as "slab track", in which the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface. Rolling stock in a rail transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than rubber-tired road vehicles, so passenger and freight cars (carriages and wagons) can be coupled into longer trains. The operation is carried out by a railway company, providing transport between train stations or freight customer facilities. Power is provided by locomotives which either draw electric power from a railway electrification system or produce their own power, usually by diesel engines or, historically, steam engines. Most tracks are accompanied by a signalling system. Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport. [a] Railway transport is capable of high levels of passenger and cargo utilisation and energy efficiency, but is often less flexible and more capital-intensive than road transport, when lower traffic levels are considered.
Asia-Pacific (APAC) is the part of the world near the western Pacific Ocean. The Asia-Pacific region varies in area depending on context, but it generally includes East Asia, Oceania, the Russian Far East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Countries in Asia Pacific are Niue, Nauru, Tuvalu, Cook Islands, Palau, Northern Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Tonga, Micronesia, Kiribati, Guam, Samoa, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Brunei, Maldives, Macau, Solomon Islands, Bhutan, Fiji, Timor Leste, Armenia, Mongolia, Georgia, New Zealand, Singapore, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Hong Kong, Papua New Guinea, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Kazakhstan, Chile, Sri Lanka, North Korea, Australia, Nepal, Malaysia, Peru, Uzbekistan, Canada, Afghanistan, South Korea, Myanmar, Thailand, Turkey, Iran, Vietnam, Philippines, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, United States, India, China.